Blooms Taxonomy of Education and its use in Nursing Education Essay

Sprouts Taxonomy of Education and its utilization in Nursing Education - Essay Example It is clear that ceaseless disease is normally hopeless. The signs of these interminable illness factors are steady and unremitting; in this way, as respects comprehension, the accentuation of nursing ought to be on care, strong, and precaution methodology when a patient experiences unavoidable infection crumbling. The medical attendants and other human services suppliers need to figure out how to oversee incessant infections with the end goal for them to have the option to enable constantly sick patients to achieve autonomy. A suitable self-administration plan for constant ailment is one of the major subjective difficulties to medical caretakers (Larkin and Burton, 2008). So as to effectively achieve this, medicinal services experts ought to have the option to review data about the patient (information), comprehend the issues stood up to by the patient (appreciation), apply the information picked up from collaborating with the patient and the other clinical staffs (application), separate suppositions from realities (investigation), build up a thorough consideration plan (union), and assess the worth and nature of the consideration plan (assessment). Then again, the ‘affective domain’ centers around emotions, center goals, and perspectives, and accordingly is emphatically appropriate to the mindful calling of attendants (Emerson, 2007). It is essential that constantly sick patients are engaged and propelled to support themselves. Thusly, medical attendants ought to figure out how to listen mindfully and genuinely to their patients (accepting), to demonstrate excitement to react (reacting), to communicate duty and create individualized treatment plan (esteeming), to hold onto proficient moral codes as respects the board of incessant disease (association), and to work in a group (disguising values). The third domainâ€the ‘psychomotor’â€involves exercise of engine abilities, coordination, and physical viewpoints (Quinn, 2000). Inside this space, the medical caretaker ought to figure out how to watch and think about the conduct of a constantly sick patient to another patient (impersonation). Thusly,

Innovation of Ipad Free Essays

IS THE IPAD A DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY? Innovation has been moved towards progression for a long time bringing better than ever gadgets and framework. Individuals are consistently very nearly designing something new and energizing. About 10 years back, cell phone was once in a while utilized by individuals however now everybody has a cell phone with all the potential devices in it like camera, video player, web and the sky is the limit from there. We will compose a custom article test on Advancement of Ipad or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Discussing troublesome innovation which nearly supplanted some other organization in new development was Apple. Apple propelled iPhone which was one of the significant accomplishments in problematic innovation since it gave all of solace to its client while utilizing it. At the point when Macintosh propelled ipad in 2010 there was an immense advertising and promotion about its new advanced innovation in the market. It was 10 inch tablet which runs on IOS (iphone working framework) as some other apple item. The ipad just runs applications from the Apple App Store. There are a large number of these applications accessible in the iTunes from films, melodies, games and that's just the beginning. The ipad isn't a need like the cell phone which do have a similar contraption anyway it improves the personal satisfaction of its clients. Ipad has been utilized by the first creator in quite a while offered by the Department of Statistics at Macquarie University (Sydney, Australia): a second-year Introduction to Probability unit (PROB) and a bosses level unit Mathematical Background for Biostatistics (BCA), conveyed through the Biostatistics Consortium of Australia (Simpson, 2009). The utilization of innovation, especially the utilization of ipad, has upheld an alternate method of educating in these two units that assesses the general needs of the understudies and it empowers understudies to be receptive to their individual solicitations. The ipad has been utilized as an approach to include, and propel understudies through significant level introduction and specialized devices. It has changed the methodology in learning, experience easier and more profound. Understudies will currently encounter the most stunning course readings they’ve ever perused the methods for ipad in light of the fact that it gives the pictures and word reference one tap away to locate the significance of any word. This encourages the client to turn out to be more unwind while perusing ipad. Discussing the market that ipad is hoping to contend is ignite. A fuel is a gadget simply like ipad yet littler than ipad. Ignite is uncommonly structure just for understanding purposes. It is dim ink show which empowers client to concentrate uninhibitedly in the daylight decisively not at all like ipad. Ipad is more probable a multi-reason gadget which is utilized for nearly everything that we need. It is anything but difficult to learn around evening time rather at day as a result of its multicolor showcase. However, after Mac propelled the new ipad it has been hardened its quality on the tablet gadget advertise, a market that has been recently been the ruled by Amazon, with its Kindle, and Barnes and Noble. Those gadgets are particularly devoted to digital book perusers, while the new ipad arrangement is a digital book peruser in alongside its different highlights, for example, web perusing, media, and backing. Be that as it may, that adaptability doesn’t make ipad a superior item than ignite. Now and then gadget that can do just a single thing can be far more intriguing than a multi-reason gadget. The littlest, lightest, most affordable, least demanding for perusing intentions are the highly contrasting digital book perusers. On the off chance that client needs just a perusing tablet gadget it is to state the fuel is the most loved barring the delight of watching recordings and pictures. Each organization offers assortments of models which gets the best lighting conditions. The one you need is the Kindle Paper White, whose splendor is more wonderful than the identical some other gadget out available With plain, no-contact, no-light Kindles, with the promotions on the screen saver, are very less expensive yet the light and the touch-screen are extremely worth having. One of the significant parts in the learning experience is the point at which an understudy doesn't comprehend a theme or a stage in an activity. The least demanding approach to support that person is to experience the inquiry utilizing composed words. With the presentation of the ipad into the showing strategy, composed answers can be inadequate to certain situations when they are appropriate and a response to a student’s question can be delivered as a video address specific to the subject or exercise. The learning module of separation understudies has now been totally changed. On the off chance that they can't take care of an issue or face any issue with the subject material without anyone else, there is another conceivable route by devoting video by the instructional exercise/instructor that shows each progression of the issue and arrangement. This arrangement is especially significant and has been fruitful. Composed arrangements are equivalent to the course reading and are regularly unfit to furnish the understudy with another methodology on taking care of the issue. Usually a lecturer’s first reaction to an inquiry isn't sufficient and understudies pose for additional dreams. A video is diverse on the grounds that it permits the understudy experience each progression of the clarification in an increasingly verbal manner and tests requesting further clarification after such a smaller than expected video address are bizarre. Step by step instructions to refer to Innovation of Ipad, Papers

Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf in World War II

Chief of naval operations Jesse B. Oldendorf in World War II Jesse Oldendorf - Early Life Career: Conceived February 16, 1887, Jesse B. Oldendorf spent his youth in Riverside, CA. After accepting his essential instruction, he looked to seek after a maritime profession and prevailing with regards to acquiring an arrangement to the US Naval Academy in 1905.â An average understudy while at Annapolis, Oley as he was nicknamed, graduated four years after the fact positioned 141st in a class of 174.â As the approach of the time required, Oldendorf started two years of ocean time preceding getting his ensigns bonus in 1911.â Early assignments included postings to the heavily clad cruiser USS California (ACR-6) and the destroyer USS Preble.â In the years before the United States entrance into World War I, he likewise served on board USS Denver, USS Whipple, and later came back to California which had been renamed USS San Diego.  Jesse Oldendorf - World War I: Finishing a task on board the hydrological review transport USS Hannibal close to the Panama Canal, Oldendorf returned north and later arranged for obligation in the North Atlantic after the American assertion of war.â Initially directing selecting exercises in Philadelphia, he at that point was appointed to lead a maritime outfitted watchman separation on board the vehicle USAT Saratoga.â That late spring, after Saratoga was harmed in a crash off New York, Oldendorf moved to the vehicle USS Abraham Lincoln where he filled in as gunnery officer.â He stayed on board until May 31, 1918 when the boat was hit by three torpedoes discharged by U-90.â Sinking off the Irish coast, those on board were protected and taken to France.â Recovering from the trial, Oldendorf was presented on USS Seattle that August as a designing officer.â He proceeded in this job until March 1919. Jesse Oldendorf - Interwar Years: Quickly filling in as official of USS Patricia that late spring, Oldendorf then came shorewards and traveled through enlisting and building assignments in Pittsburgh and Baltimore respectively.â Returning to the ocean in 1920, he did a short stretch on board USS Niagara before moving to the light cruiser USS Birmingham.â While on board, he filled in as banner secretary to a progression of bosses of the Special Service Squadron.â In 1922, Oldendorf moved to California to fill in as assistant to Rear Admiral Josiah McKean, the commandant at Mare Island Navy Yard.â Completing this obligation in 1925, he accepted order of the destroyer USS Decatur.â Aboard for a long time, Oldendorf then burned through 1927-1928 as a helper to the commandant of the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Having accomplished the position of administrator, Oldendorf got an arrangement to the Naval War College in Newport, RI in 1928.â Completing the course a year later, he quickly started examinations at the US Army War College.â Graduating in 1930, Oldendorf joined USS New York (BB-34) to fill in as the war vessels navigator.â Aboard for a long time, he at that point came back to Annapolis for a task educating navigation.â In 1935, Oldendorf moved toward the West Coast to fill in as official of the warship USS West Virginia (BB-48).â Continuing an example of two-year postings, he moved to the Bureau of Navigation in 1937 to regulate enlisting obligations before expecting order of the substantial cruiser USS Houston in 1939. Jesse Oldendorf - World War II: Presented on the Naval War College as a route teacher in September 1941, Oldendorf was in this task when the United States entered World War II after the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor.â Leaving Newport in February 1942, he got an advancement to raise chief of naval operations the next month and a task to lead the Aruba-Curaã §ao segment of the Caribbean Sea Frontier.â Helping to ensure Allied business, Oldendorf moved to Trinidad in August where he played a functioning job in hostile to submarine warfare.â Continuing to face the Conflict of the Atlantic, he moved north in May 1943 to lead Task Force 24.â Based at Naval Station Argentia in Newfoundland, Oldendorf regulated all caravan accompanies in the Western Atlantic.â Remaining in this post until December, he at that point got orders for the Pacific. Raising his banner on board the overwhelming cruiser USS Louisville, Oldendorf accepted order of Cruiser Division 4.â Tasked with giving maritime gunfire backing to Admiral Chester Nimitzs island-bouncing effort over the Central Pacific, his boats went without hesitation in late January as Allied powers arrived at Kwajalein.â After supporting in the catch of Eniwetok in February, Oldendorfs cruisers struck focuses in the Palaus before leading assault missions to help troops aground during the Marianas Campaign that summer.â Transferring his banner to the war vessel USS Pennsylvania (BB-38), he coordinated the pre-intrusion barrage of Peleliu that September.â throughout activities, Oldendorf sought debate when he finished the assault a day ahead of schedule and discarded shelling an undeniable Japanese solid point.  Jesse Oldendorf - Surigao Strait: The next month, Oldendorf drove the Bombardment and Fire Support Group, some portion of Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaids Central Philippine Attack Force, against Leyte in the Philippines. Arriving at its fire bolster station on October 18 and his war vessels started covering General Douglas MacArthurs troops as they went shorewards two days after the fact. With the Battle of Leyte Gulf in progress, Oldendorfs war vessels moved south on October 24 and hindered the mouth of the Surigao Strait.â Arraying his boats in a line over the waterway, he was assaulted that night by Vice Admiral Shoji Nishimuras Southern Force.â Having crossed the enemys T, Oldendorfs ships, a large number of which were Pearl Harbor veterans, incurred a definitive thrashing on the Japanese and sunk the war vessels Yamashiro and Fuso.â In acknowledgment of the triumph and the keeping the foe from arriving at the Leyte foothold, Oldendorf got the Navy Cross. Jesse Oldendorf - Final Campaigns: Elevated to bad habit chief of naval operations on December 1, Oldendorf accepted order of Battleship Squadron 1.â In this new job he told the fire bolster powers during the arrivals at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon in January 1945.â Two months after the fact, Oldendorf was put down and out with a messed up neckline bone after his scow hit a float at Ulithi.â Temporarily supplanted by Rear Admiral Morton Deyo, he came back to his post in early May.â Operating off Okinawa, Oldendorf was again harmed on August 12 when Pennsylvania was hit by a Japanese torpedo.â Remaining in order, he moved his banner to USS Tennessee (BB-43).â With the Japanese acquiescence on September 2, Oldendorf went to Japan where he coordinated the control of Wakayama.â Returning to the United States in November, he expected order of the eleventh Naval District in San Diego. Oldendorf stayed in San Diego until 1947 when he moved to the post of Commander, Western Sea Frontier.â Based in San Francisco, he held this situation until his retirement in September 1948.â Promoted to chief of naval operations as he left the administration, Oldendorf later kicked the bucket on April 27, 1974.â His remaining parts were buried at Arlington National Cemetery.â  â   â Chosen Sources World War II Database: Jesse OldendorfU-vessel: Jesse OldendorfFind A Grave: Jesse Oldendorf

Nursing Theories, Metaparadigms, and Ways of Knowing - Free Essay Example

Introduction The nursing field is complex for an individual to define since it is evolving, dynamic and extensive study involving theoretical as well as practical skills. The nurses are identified by clients in various ways. The nurses are identified using aspects such as empirics or science, ethical, aesthetics or art, personal as well as social-political understandings. There are different concepts applied in the nursing career, and they include metaparadigms and paradigms. Other fundamentals in the nursing career include various ways of knowing nursing theories in details. This paper discusses metaparadigms and paradigms concepts applied in nursing and ways of identifying nursing theories. Metaparadigms It is a combining force in the nursing discipline that is used to name phenomena. The central concepts applied in metaparadigms concept include nursing, environment, person, and health. Many philosophical disagreements have emerged from this theoretical project. First, conceptualization of the individual has been developed by the different theorist. Most of the nursing theories are distinguished in various manners in which they conceptualize the client. However, some of the nursing theories have expanded to the family and community level. Currently, there are several disagreements between the theorists on how nurses should understand the client as required by their profession. The understanding of human beings is a crucial aspect of nursing theory and practice. According to the ancient nursing practices, nurses employed the use of biomedical perspective which focused on the patient’s body. The method involved descriptions that determined the state of illness. It was prone to l aboratory tests. Currently, nursing practice and science have been identified by the clients and community as the only determinant of sickness (Wagner, n.d). Besides, conceptualization of health has been identified as a prior aspect. Currently, nurses have defined life as a critical outcome for any patient. Some of the theorists have identified health and quality life as totality paradigm. They have identified life as human wholeness as a compound of spiritual, social and psychological aspect dimensions. On the other hand, science theorists view human nature as complex and whole beings. Thus, health can only be reflected as a whole person.   The terms such as life gratification, functional status and well-being coping are attributed to quality life. According to Parse (1994), â€Å"quality of life cannot be separated from the person’s lived experience and thus can only be described at that moment by the person living the life.† Similarly, the human science research identified quality life as an ‘apprehension of the whole-in-motion’’ (Parse 1994 pp.19). The aspect has changed the nursing perspective whic h involved state and process of self-actualization or use of an individual’s life to wholesome being. Conceptualization of the environment is apparent to nursing theories. Some of the nursing theories identify environment as an immediate surrounding and circumstances of the individuals without giving detailed information to social, political and economic forces. Conversely, simultaneity paradigm determines person and environment as spreadable to the degree that a person is attached from the cosmos. Therefore, simultaneity theories have come up with a different view on the individual know-how of the environment decontextualized from common or political understandings. Regarding the environment concept to the perception of a person, challenges emerge the moment people are confronted with problems that cannot be comprehended in the absence of skilled personnel (Maville Huerta, 2008). In both theories, that is totality and simultaneity paradigms orientation is mainly meant to the individuals and not the society. Although the concept of a person is linked to family and community, most of the nursing theories including the traditional health promotion are individualistic. The theories mainly focus on the life variations for the individual’s behavior. Furthermore, conceptualization of nursing is a crucial aspect. The social aspirations of nursing career were developed as a result of scientific proficient knowledge and skills. The faulty moral superiority in the 1970s and 180s led to the emergence of the health consumer movement. The clients or patients interrogated their nurses, claimed for their rights and were exposed to an original source of information to make the decision about their health. The aspect changed the role of the nurse from intervening’’ the cause of disease. Most of the radical expressions viewed or identified nurses as contaminants of the individual’s health. As a result, nurses were eliminated from the perspective since people know their own way more efficiently. The theory of human becoming, individuals know their own way and reflectively. The nurse in real presence bears witness to the person’s unfolding and becoming’’ (Mitchell Cody 1992 p. 60). Thus, the clients w ere given the responsibility to determine about health. Paradigms The term refers a pattern of shared empathize and conventions about the authenticity of a particular word. Paradigm acts the determinant of the research topics to be analyzed, how to carry out the investigation and derivation of theories in the nursing career. Paradigm is divided into various categories which include empirical paradigm, interpretive paradigm, and critical paradigm. Different phenomena analyzed that nursing research is diverse and thus pragmatic methodology is crucial to understand the discipline better.   Besides, pragmatic approach is essential as it allows nurses to address research questions with the correct guiding strategies. Moreover, this concept enables the objective of nursing to promote health and at the same time relieve sufferings (Weaver Olson, 2006). Therefore, the researchers are not required to support the ideological camp firmly instead they are supposed to select a research methodology appropriate to the phenomenon under investigation. The types of paradigms include empirical paradigm, interpretive paradigm, and critical paradigm. First, empirical paradigm stipulates that no reality is lawfully certified through one’s senses. Thus, skills and knowledge are acquired as a result of controlling the challenges entailed in the variables with the aim of determining their relationship. According to the researchers, empirical paradigm significantly contributes to research in the nursing career. It enables the growth and testing of the hypotheses, the interrelationships that exist between different variables as well as the comparison of the variables. The theoretical development of empirical nursing is essential since it enables one to predict the type of theory that can be established in each nursing paradigm. The empirical paradigm has contributed towards the development of various theories in nursing. For instance, the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (SCDNT) theory which states, nursing is required when personsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ needs for self-care exceed their ability to provide self-care’’ (Orem, 2001). Secondly, the interpretive paradigm is crucial in the nursing discipline (Weaver Olson, 2006). The interpretive paradigm inspects the phenomenon through the use of bear eyes. Thus, the experience and knowledge of the individual are important as it should be beyond quantifications of an external observer. The interpretive paradigm veracity is usually based one’s perception (Gillis Jackson, 2002). Thus, there is no existence of reality as compared to the empirical paradigm. The interpretive paradigm is qualitative to enhance comprehension of the phenomenon that is experienced by a particular population. Therefore, the method is important as it allows the researchers to comprehend the phenomenon through eyes in the presence of other people. The theoretical development in the interpretive paradigm is different from the empirical paradigm. The general evolution of the empirical paradigm is based on deduction, analyses, and testing of the theory. Conversely, interpretive paradigm employs the use of induction and theory for its development. The middle range theory of resilience which recognizes the unique experiences and changes of a person, however, it is essential in the nursing setting (Polk, 1997). Also, the critical paradigm is an important method in the nursing career. The method mainly centers on social struggles, ascendancy as well as institutions which aim at the development of democratic civilization (Gillis Jackson, 2002). Therefore, this method aims at the elimination of oppression of the community. According to Butterfield (2013), nurses employ the use of practice to change parents’ beliefs. The aspect aims at changing the health beliefs that individuals have. The nursing practices significantly consider the societal factors and ways that should be employed to act on the elements. The research in this method mainly focuses on the creation of change. Besides, critical paradigm focuses on strategy development, partnership and consciousness-raising (Wuest, 2012). The theoretical development that can be applied to this method is the feminist theory. The theory is relevant to nursing as a female profession. Thus, lack of knowledge in the nursing career is linked wit h lack of respect for women in the society. According to Wuest (2012), indicates that feminist theory should be applied in research to eliminate the aspects of feminism in the society. Ways of Knowing Nursing Concepts The clients identify nurses in various ways.   The nurses are identified using aspects such as empirics or science, ethical, aesthetics or art, personal as well as social-political understandings. First, the science of nursing is used in nursing identification. Carper stated that there is a critical need for knowledge about the empirical world, the knowledge that is systematically organized into general laws and theories for the purpose of describing, explaining and predicting phenomena of special concern to the discipline of nursing (Carper 1978 pp.14). The knowledge is essential since it links the nursing theory to application practice. The application of empirical knowledge enables nurses to interpret unidentified clinical challenges and have an immediate response. Also, an art of nursing is used in the identification of nurses. The aspect of art in nursing is identified as the ability to connect or relate with patients. The art is crucial as it enables an individual to pursue a degree nursing field. The art of nursing varies from science nursing. The art cannot be physically touched or examined. It involves factors such care and empathy that should be employed to the patients (Carper, 1978). Besides, ethical knowledge is used to influence patient’s care. The nurses are required to comprehend the moral principles such as privacy, advocacy, autonomy, and confidentiality. Nurses should employ the principles in an atmosphere of respect of the values as well as morals of other individuals. It is necessary for nurses to develop the code of ethics to stick to the nursing profession. Watsons theory of human caring demonstrates the concepts of the nurse to be aware of any decisions and exceptionality of each client with the aim preserving ones dignity (Watson, 2009). Moreover, personal knowledge is applied in the identification of nurses. This process involves self-reflection and legitimacy of the nurses. Additionally, social, political experience is essential as entails the social, economic, political and the cultural practices of the nursing career. The socio-political can be practical in the nursing field through examination of minor sociological factors such as labelin g (Community Health Nurses Association of Canada, 2008). Types of Theories in Nursing The grand nursing theory presents the widespread perceptions and propositions. Most theories at this level can be used to explain attitudes, but on the other hand, they are not applied in empirical testing. Thus, the grand theory is limited to direction and prediction of nursing in certain conditions. At this level, all theories are projected to be relevant to all cases in the nursing field. Additionally, the middle range nursing theory is appropriate in nursing practice. This theory was anticipated by Robert Merton (1968); a sociologist provided this approach to be used in challenging condition and proper empirical testing. The middle range theories are not detailed as compared grand theories. However, they provide an effective bond between the grand theories and nursing practices (Fawcett, 2000). Furthermore, the nursing practice theory is applied in nursing situations. The theory has the most limited scope and is particularly used in particular nursing conditions. All theories developed at this level have direct effects in the nursing practice. The theories in this level provide contexts for nursing interventions and its impacts. Additionally, theories in this level employ the use of nursing questions and events in nursing exercise (Hickey, 2009).

A Financial Look at College Education in America Essay

A typical eighteenth-centry American college was loosely modeled after England’s Oxford and Cambridge. In the colonies there were nine colleges founded before the Revolution and they are still in business today. They are Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Penn, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth. In 1851 Reverend Absalom Peters remarked â€Å"Our country is to be a land of colleges.†(Chapter 1 Page 2) There were two periods in history of upheavel in American higher education they were â€Å"catastrophic angst.† The first was in the 1860’s the emergence of modern university. Then after World War II the second was invention of mass higher education. The United State evolved a diversity of large and small, public and private colleges†¦show more content†¦Colleges give more help to rich kids then they do poor kids. They do this to attract higher academic achievers, athletes, and artists. A group spent $171 million on aid for poor kids in 2003 for families that made less then $20, 000 a year. Rich kids received $257,000 in aid from families making more then $100,000 a year. Some students will have to make $94,000 a year to pay off student loans with in 10 years. College cost have been rise about 6 to 7 percent a year.A headline from the New York Times, â€Å"Higher Education May Soon Be Unaffordable fotMost Americans.† (Chapter 3 Page 51) For the poorest of Americans it will cost 55% of their income to attend public university. A teacher said she made just under $100,000 a year which is only a quarter of what each of her students pay. If the economy is good colleges expand facilities and programs and also increase tuition. When the economy is not so good the colleges state subsidies atrophy and tuition still goes up. Student loans have more then doubled in the past ten years from $44.6 billion to $94.5 billion. Student loan defaults peaked at 22% in 1992. Banard University held and experiment on private school loans. A drastic 73% drop in private loans due to one change by talking to a financial aid officer. A total of $1,559,365 from 98% students in private loans between 2005-2006. In 2006-2007 only 31% of students took outShow MoreRelatedShould College Tuition Be Free?1105 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is a very essential aspect in our world. A famous leader by the name of Nelson Mandela once said â€Å"Education is the most influential implement which you can use to change the world.† ( Brainy Quotes). Those words that he said are very true concerning today s society; however much of today’s soc iety cannot receive a higher level of education due to many reasons. How are we to change the world if most people can’t get into higher education? 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Conspiracy Theories About The 9 / 11 - 1227 Words

Conspiracy theories about the 9/11 attacks entered the minds of many Americans as a result of questionable inconsistencies involving several reports from both the investigation and government reports. As a result, groups were formed and documentaries were created. Examples of the documentaries created are Anatomy of a Collapse, 9/11 Commission Report, Loose Change, Pentagon Strike, and The 9/11 Conspiracies: Fact or Fiction. These documentaries include personal testimonies, analysis from both professional (experts in different fields) and nonprofessionals, and governmental documents. Architect and Engineers for 9/11 Truth, Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice, and 9/11 Citizens Watch are all examples of the different conspiracy theory groups that were established. The discrepancies reported on 9/11 including the manner in which the Twin Towers collapsed, the governmental records that suggest that the government was aware of the impending attacks, and the communication between the v ictims of United 93 to their families that lead to the overwhelming amount of speculation by conspiracy theorist. One conspiracy theory is the manner in which the Twin Towers collapsed. It is alleged that the Twin Towers collapse was due to a series of synchronized bombs rather than the force of the plane crashing into the buildings. Some accusations that were given in regards to this theory were: personal accounts of different individuals saying that they saw windows explode prior to theShow MoreRelatedQuestions On The World Trade Center Terror Attacks1538 Words   |  7 Pages Conspiracy Theory Inquiry Proposal Name: Kyle Dahya Form: 12DB Conspiracy Event: 9/11 US World Trade Centre Terror Attacks Possible focusing questions which will guide my inquiry are: 1. What is the official story that surrounds the events on the day of the 9/11 attacks? 2. What are some of the main conspiracy theories that revolve around 9/11? 3. Which of the accounts seem to the most plausible and why is that account more plausible than the other? 4. What significanceRead MoreHow Social Factors Can Contribute Conspiracy Theories? Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pagesgive a better understanding on how social factors can contribute to conspiracy beliefs and to bring systematic evidence upon two questions: â€Å"Who believes conspiracy theories, and what sources of information are associated with believing conspiracy theories?† (Stempel 2007:353) There are many conspiracies that could have been used to answer these two questions, but the conspiracies that were chosen are related to the attacks on 9/11 (Stempel 353). Nine hypothesis were generated for the purpose ofRead More9/11 Conspiracy Theorists Distort the Truth1594 Words   |  6 PagesBy the end of the day, thousands would be dead or missing and a country would be left reeling by the worst terror attack in world history. 9/11 is perhaps the most significant cultural and political event in the history of the United States of America, and anyone who was alive that day and old enough to remember the events as they took place can tell you about the utterly unique combination of fear, shock, and rage felt by every American as they watched two of the largest buildings in the world, symbolsRead MoreHistorical Scholarship On Conspiracy On American Culture1254 Words   |  6 Pagesreason or irrationality that empowers reason with its undeniable coercive force.† Hence, the book does not go hand in hand with other cultural conspiracy historians; despite the similarity of research result the perception applied varies. The last book on cultural conspiracy to be examined exemplifies newer trend in the historical scholarship on conspiracy on American culture since sixteenth century up to nineteen century. John Farrell’s Paranoia and Modernity study bases on works of historiansRead MoreThe World May Never Know1053 Words   |  5 PagesRusso Mrs. Seidel English 2 4 May 2015 9/11: The World May Never Know As defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary, a conspiracy theory is â€Å"a theory that explains an event or situation as the result of a secret plan by usually powerful people or groups.† Conspiracy theories can be found all over the world.They are an inevitable part of society. As long as mankind exists, conspiracy theories will as well. The main things that people form conspiracy theories around are things such as government operationsRead MoreGovernment Or Controlled Demolition? Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesGovernment or Controlled Demolition The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda in the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. They attacked the Twin Towers in New York City. There are different conspiracy theories with the 9/11 attack but the most important conspiracy theory is that the collapse of the twin towers were the result of controlled demolition by the government rather than structural failureRead MoreThe Conspiracy Theories Of 9 / 11 Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 11, 2001, 19 people hijacked four airliners and carried out suicide attacks against their targets.. Two of the planes crashed into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, the third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Over 3,000 people were killed during the attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., including more than 400 police officers and firefighters. (â€Å"9/11 attacks†2010). The conspiracy theories startedRead More9/11 Conspiracy Theories Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction On September 11, 2001 the World Trade Center buildings one and two were attacked. However, who we were attacked by and even if we were attacked is a hard decision to make. There have been many different claims about how everything on that fateful day happened. There are facts that we know are true, though; Flight 11 flew into the North Tower at eight forty- six in the morning. Soon after, Flight 175 attacked the South Tower. By the end of the day, both towers had collapsed and otherRead More1984 Research Paper1680 Words   |  7 Pagesto gain power or to try and convince people that something or someone is correct. September 11th 2001 is one of the most terrifying, tragic, and most talked about days in the history of the United Sates. Although the official story was given out to the public many people question the events which happened and turn to one of the many conspiracies. Then in 1984the government, known as the Party, there is absolutely nothing that the Party does not contr ol. The main character’s job was to destroy anyRead More9 / 11 Inside Job977 Words   |  4 PagesHolly James Mr. Bergmann Senior English B2 31 March 2015 9/11 Inside Job On September 11, 2001, four different planes were hijacked by terrorists. Two of them headed for the Twin Towers, the other headed for the Pentagon and the other nobody really knows for sure. The two that were headed for the Twin Towers, sadly made it there and crashed into both of them, they collapsed. The one headed toward the Pentagon also made it there. But the other plane didn’t make it to wherever it was supposed to

Future Of E

Future Of E-Commerce Essay 1The Future of E-CommerceFuture2THE FUTURE OF E-COMMERCEThere are varying opinions regarding the future of e-commerce. Despite the fact that online sales are growing exponentially, some analysts believe that e-commerce is heading for a fall. Laurie Windham justifies her belief that as time goes on, sales will decrease instead of increasing. Windham believes that net consumers are very different than mall shoppers and catalog shoppers. Furthermore, she says that dot-coms are responsible for ruining their own chances to sell because they have spoiled customers to the point that consumers expect cheap prices and freebies and if they dont get them, they just move on to another site. E-commerce, Windham says, is a fickle world with little, if any, customer loyalty (Fortune, 2000). Windham found some interesting differences between online shoppers and traditional shoppers. For instance, 34 percent of online shoppers describe themselves as comparison shoppers but only 8 percent of tradition al shoppers describe themselves as comparison shoppers. Another comparison is that only 1 percent of Web shoppers say they hate stores but 10 percent of traditional shoppers say they hate stores (Fortune, 2000). Web shoppers are by and large comparison, price-sensitive consumers. Future3Windham, who spent two years studying the consumers who purchase online, said that as nonusers begin to use the Web for purchasing, they will be less adventuresome than people already making purchases online. They will also be slightly older than the norm and they will be more fearful and cautious about privacy and security. In other words, as nonusers begin using the Web to shop, they will be a more conservative group than current users. It is probable they will also be less fickle and more loyal to brands/stores (Fortune, 2000). Windham pointed out that there were numerous problems with people receiving exactly what they ordered online during last holiday season. Based on that, she suggested sales may be lower this year (Fortune, 2000). Surveys conducted after the last holiday season suggested online shoppers would continue shopping online. One survey, for instance, indicated that more than 90 percent of consumers reported that shopping online met or exceeded their expectations. Eighty percent said they would increase their online shopping in 2000 (Rutledge, 2000). Studies found that consumer confidence in using the Internet for shopping reached very high levels, which were due to a number of factors. Positive comments from family and friends were one of the factors that swayed more people to utilize this option. Better selections from online stores also made the experience more satisfying. Finally, Future4secure credit card transactions played a major role in increasing sales (Rutledge, 2000). Consumers were enticed to try shopping on the Internet by the massive marketing campaign last year for both dot-com stores and retail stores online. More than 70 percent of Net shopper s said they bought from e-commerce sites that offered free shipping. Another 54 percent said they were enticed by the discounts offered for their first online purchase. Forty percent used online coupons and 25 percent responded to the offer of free gifts for their online purchase (Rutledge, 2000). The Direct Marketing Association projected that sales generated from catalogs and the Internet would double in the next four years, reaching $3.33 billion (Entrepreneur, 2000). A study by Jupiter Communications agreed saying that sales would increase this holiday season. This study reported that holiday shoppers would spend almost $12 billion in online purchases between November 1 and December 31 this year, which represents a 66 percent increase over the same time period last year. The increase between the 1998 and 1999 holiday seasons was 126 percent. There is a slowdown in the degree of growth but it is still a substantial increase (Kontzner, 2000) The Gartner Group predicted a much larg er growth this year. They projected sales of $19.5 billion. This group also believed that dot-com stores and retail stores online Future5would not spend as much money on advertising this year. Instead, they will spend .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 , .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 .postImageUrl , .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 , .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292:hover , .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292:visited , .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292:active { border:0!important; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292:active , .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292 .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub44bc80970883e5ade2f2c80245ec292:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ENDERS GAME Essay

International Marketing and Its Challenges

Global marketing is described as the process through which individuals or companies produce products, offer services, and make them available to customers worldwide (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2006). This type of marketing has brought about development within the world and more so, creating job opportunities for many people.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on International Marketing and Its Challenges specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The purpose of this analysis is to help readers establish more about international marketing and to learn on some of the challenges that this type of market is subjected to. It is also aimed at assisting individuals as well as companies in discovering ways in which they can indulge themselves in this kind of markets (Keegan and Green, 2012). Companies, which market their products and services globally, are faced with several cultural factors and as such, they either favor or disfavor their global marketing strategies. These cultural dimensions include; Competition Marketing globally tends to create a great competition especially if many entrepreneurs in the world, who uses the same channel to market, are engaging with the same type of products. Global marketing is largely facilitated by technological development aspects and hence bringing about tremendous development in communication and transport in meeting, the customer’s needs effectively (Johansson, 2008). As a result, continuous provision of quality products to consumers from different companies and countries is ensured. As such, it means that the competition for a product or service is very high. This can be regarded as a great challenge to entrepreneurs’ as they try to ensure that their goods are presentable and attractive to the consumers. In response to this challenge, companies pump many resources to try having a competitive advantage and as such, those companies with a small funding capa city can easily back out (Gerbe, 2007). Political culture The state of governance in countries, which a company decides to trade with, greatly determines how one will run his/her business in that country. In some countries, there exist conflicts in almost every sphere meaning that the political environment is unstable and as such, trading in that country becomes difficult (Gerbe, 2007). For instance, tax charged on imported goods might be very high such that low funded companies cannot meet and hence posing as a great hindrance to trade.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other countries employ dictatorship mode of governance and as such, some harsh rules are put into place, which tends to suppress the foreign investors and entrepreneurs and therefore, the marketing of a product or service may reduce due to harsh political environment (Johansson, 2008). Society Lifestyle I n any country, the lifestyle of its citizen will determine if the marketing of foreign made goods or services will be successful or not. Some products are not accepted in certain countries because of their cultures and taboos. Therefore, before a company decides to engage global marketing, it is necessary to find out if their way of living does support the use the product or service it intends to introduce. This decision is necessary as, if a company fails to consider the lifestyle, then it becomes a victim of terrible marketing thus tremendous losses (Hollensen, 2001). Capital Marketing globally necessitates pumping huge amounts of financial resources. This plays a great challenge to individual or companies who cannot meet the cost. It mostly affects the developing worlds as well as the third world countries (Matt, 2008). For a company to engage successfully into this type of market, it becomes important that there be a continuous flow of substantial income to ensure that there is no delay in the production of the product. The delay can lead to the collapse of the company due to the high competition from other well off firms where the consumers can turn to at any time. Capital necessary to finance such big investments can be obtained through loans from banks and other financial institutions (Dana, 2001). A company, for instance, dealing with cosmetic or beauty products, may face a challenge in its effort aimed at marketing its products globally whereby it would be subjected by stiff and unhealthy competition. Such a company should establish criteria on how to deal with this problem in order to survive in the field. Due presence of an integrated technology, the competition is exceedingly escalating and thus, for a company to survive this competition, it must ensure that its products are readily available to the consumers even at their doorsteps (Hollensen, 2007). The use of Internet makes it possible for enterprise to advertise their products using their websi te therefore reaching as many market segments as possible without incorporating a lot of resource or energy.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on International Marketing and Its Challenges specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This, in turn, will ensure that the companies make tremendous amounts of profits. Since there are so many companies making use of global markets to market cosmetic products, there is a wide variety of products for the consumer to choose from, the quality of the product also determines how consumers will respond to the product (Kaynak, 2002). For a company to effectively engage in global marketing and develop a competitive advantage over its competitors, it must recommend ideas and tactics and incorporate them in its global marketing strategy. Such recommendations would include; Search competition culture information A company dealing with cosmetic and beauty products must take advantage of the existing integrated information technology to search adequately the relevant information regarding the nature of competition existing among companies marketing their beauty products globally. It must get into fine details including the amount of resources capable of giving it a commanding lead as well as a competitive advantage over its competitors. In addition, it must find information on untapped markets and doing all this, it can easily avoid unhealthy competition (Schmidtmann, 2008). High quality products and services To effectively attract a substantial demand for beauty products and services from customers across the world, it is necessary that a company dealing with such products to ensure that an integrated paradigm in management is put in place. As such, it will ensure that its products pass through quality assurance tests and hence, the products must be of superior quality. This is a winning strategy, putting competition into consideration, as customers will always prefer quality and unique products. Moreover, quality products are indispensable and will become accepted across many countries across the world (Hollensen, 2007). Multi level Marketing Beauty products are regarded as basic needs as nearly every person uses them. Their markets are readily available and as such, making use of people globally to take these products and services to their doorsteps becomes an important aspect if a company wishes to attain a competitive advantage. As such, not many companies indulging in global market trading do employ retailing at such levels. Utilizing diversified marketing levels is an important aspect in establishment of different market segments in an effort to mitigate the presence of stiff competition (Saidin, 2007).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fair Prices While still maintaining high levels of quality among its beauty products and services, the company indulging itself in global marketing must ensure that it maintains affordable prices of their products and services. As such, the prices must be slightly below the competitor’s prices. Fair prices are used to entice customers and as such, they prove to be effective as large volumes of sales are realized and this means that a company has achieved a certain degree of command in respect to competition (Saidin, 2007). Liaison A company dealing with cosmetic and beauty products and services can liaise with specific wholesalers as well as retailers globally to sell its products through them subject to a small merit fee. A company, which intends to achieve an upper hand in issues concerning competition, it is necessary that, it approach various groups of traders to optimize the channels through which its products will be distributed. From this analysis, it is clear that glo bal marketing is faced with a great deal of challenges positioned by cultural dimensions the major ones being economic culture, that is, capital, competition from the like minded companies, politics in various countries across the world as well as the diversified lifestyles shown by different categories of people, their cultures, tastes and preferences. A company must be very cautious in engaging into the global market to avoid setbacks resulted by undesirability of its products. As such, it must establish measures to curb these possibilities, especially the case associated with global competition (Mooij, 2009). The most important effort towards mitigation of such issues is making substantial use of the integrated information technology to establish the strengths and the weaknesses of the competitors. References Czinkota, M.R, Ronkainen, I.R., (2006), Global marketing, Oklahoma: Dryden Press Dana, L.P., (2001), Global Marketing Co-Operation and Networks, New Jersey: Routledge Gerbe , K. (2007), Intercultural Communication as a Strategy of Global Marketing: Marketing, Marienstrasse: GRIN Verlag Hollensen, S. (2001), Global marketing: a market-responsive approach, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Hollensen, S., (2007), Global marketing: a decision-oriented approach, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Johansson, J.K. (2008), Global Marketing: Foreign Entry, Local Marketing, and Global Management, New York: MJMcGraw-Hill Irwin Kaynak, E. (2002), Strategic Global Marketing: Issues and Trends, New Jersey: Routledge Keegan, W.J, and Green, M., (2012), Global Marketing. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Matt, K.J. (2008), Global Marketing: A Cultural Point of View. Mason: Cengage Learning Mooij, M.K. (2009), Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Saidin, S. (2007), Global Marketing: Myth or reality. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Schmidtmann, L. (2008), Global Marketing and Global Human Resources Management – Internationale. Marienstrasse : GRIN Verlag This assessment on International Marketing and Its Challenges was written and submitted by user Gianna A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Final Reflection for Multicultural Literature †Essay

Final Reflection for Multicultural Literature – Essay Free Online Research Papers After taking RLL 528: Multicultural Literature I believe that I have taken a different perspective on the concept of multicultural literature. I have learned many things that socked me during the past few months causing myself to focus on different discriminatory pieces of literature that have been published. Next, while reading the standpoints that researchers and thinkers have taken I have formed my own opinions about the quality of multicultural literature. Finally, RLL 528 has changed me into becoming a more culturally fulfilled educator. When I entered the RLL 528: Multicultural Literature Grades K-12 class I was overwhelmed in terms of not exactly knowing how to choose quality multicultural literature. Our class was looking at different books in order to examine the overall quality of the text, and I was in all honesty confused. I think that I never knew authors could publish cultured books that would be prejudiced in one form or another. However, now I know that I was naà ¯ve in believing that all writers are using accurate information to produce multicultural books. At the same time many authors are not doing proper research to give validity to what they are writing. Once I realized that different authors were providing the audience with invalid information. I began doing my own research to determine if the books I was choosing were quality pieces. I started this process by reading the reviews that were provided by www.amazon.com, Publishers Weekly, School Library Journal, Booklist, and newspapers or websites that were tailored to a culture group such as the Jerusalem Post. Then I also used the book, MULTICULTURAL LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS by Mingshui Cai to further validate the conclusions I formed. The information I found using all of these sources shocked me. I never noticed that the evaluation of multicultural literature is such an in depth process. In the beginning of the semester we were given an article called, â€Å"ISSUES IN SELECTING MULTICULTURAL CHILDREN’S LITERATURE† by Junko Yokota. The article really set light on literary experiences students are facing in education. Since there are so many different issues students are facing educators must be careful in selecting multicultural literature for children. Yokota (1993) states that the definition for multicultural children’s literature is literature that represents any distinct cultural group though accurate portrayal and rich detail. The author also discusses the fact that teachers need to be culturally aware of mainstreaming going on in literature. Every teacher should include books that represent cultures other than mainstream cultures in their classroom, on booklists, and in the curriculum according to Junko Yokota. After reading these statements I realized that I needed to enhance my classroom library to provide more than just mainstreamed multicultural literary pieces. I was also able to have a concrete definition of multicultural literature that I could use to choose worthy books for my students. Another concept that Junko Yokota discussed was the insider verse outsider perspectives originally provided by Bishop and Harris in 1992. Yokota further describes each of these views in her article (Yokota, 1993). She states that, â€Å"an insider perspective is one that portrays a cultural group from the point of view of one who is a member of the group. An outside perspective is the portrayal of a cultural group by one who is not a member of the group† (p. 158). She also talked about how an insider’s perspective is going to more often give an accurate, authentic view of what people in the cultural group believe is true. A writer is able to do this because of the cultural experiences they face as an individual living in that area. When I was researching where certain author’s were from I was able to notice that the â€Å"true† literature is produced from a person who is part of a particular culture because they are living the occurrences first hand. I also realized that the story seemed to be written in a better storytelling format because the author was retelling things that have happened in his or her own culture. Junko Yokota also explains that a piece of literature should be rich in cultural details, use authentic dialogue and relationships, give an in-depth treatment of cultural issues, and include members of a minority group for the text to be complete (Yokota, 1993). When I read each of the elements Junko believed to be crucial in selecting literature I was better able to choose books that had proper multiculturalism in them. I ended up making a checklist that included each of Junko’s ideas allowing myself to pick better types of multicultural books. After reading Junko Yokota’s article I truly believe that I was given a more concrete idea of analyzing multicultural books for the students in my school. The other book that was the main focus in our classroom was MULTICULTURAL LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS by Mingshui Cai. There were many issues discussed in this book that I truly believe helped me develop a more concrete definition on multicultural literature. The first concept that really stuck out in my head was the idea of cultural authenticity. According to Howard the purpose of authentic multicultural literature is to help us liberate from the preconceived stereotypical ideas that cause us to limit our boundaries. I never really analyzed multicultural literature until I took this class, and I did not know what to look for when choosing books. After reading Howard’s idea on the definition of authentic multicultural literature I was more able to understand why books are written for many different cultures. A second concept that was discussed in chapter three of the Cai book was the idea of cultural boundaries. There are people who believe that having someone from outside the culture group writing about a specific culture may cause the information to be inaccurate. I was able to understand this concept much better after reading the ideas that Banks wrote about the four different levels of cross cultural capabilities. Banks states that at level one a person may have experienced a small amount of cross-cultural interactions causing them to only be partially aware of what occurs in the culture. Level two is when a person starts to incorporate some of the objects from the culture into his or her writings. At level three a person is fully included in both cultures. Finally, level four is when a person completely digests the other culture. After reading in detail about the leveling Banks presented I was better able to analyze if a multicultural book was adequate or not because I could look up information on the author to figure out which level they fit into. At the same time I was better able to understand the depths that an author should get into when writing a cultured book. In chapter four of the Cai book I was interested to see the idea of uniaction, interaction, and transaction classifications between the reader and the text. During the uniactional period a reader has to make meaning of the reading on his or her own. I was able to notice in choosing books that sometimes it may not be good for a reader to make their own meaning out of the text because they may make assumptions that are not correct. At the same time I realized that if a book is classified in the uniactional stage the educator would have to provide proper research so the students are able to understand the information better. On the other hand the interactional and transactional theories call for the reader and the text to add to the reading experience, and in the end there is no central meaning assigned. I noticed that many times is was easier to have better classroom discussions when it came to reading interactional or transactional types of literature because there was a better r eader/text interaction. At the same time I found myself looking for books that had a variety of concepts in them because it added information allowing educators to explain more ideas about the culture group at one time. A fourth theory that I found rather interesting and beneficial was the ideas that Bishop had on multicultural literature. He stated that a positive culture view is good for an audience to read, but at the same time the positive view does not have to include only good things that are happening in the culture. An example of this would be a burial ceremony or a special cultural dance. Bishop was explaining that if one can walk away thinking positively about the culture then the book could be culturally correct. I do believe with this idea because we are promoting our students to be more culturally aware of other cultures, and if they are able to see both sides of a culture they are more likely to appreciate it. I also noticed that by picking books that show many different things that occur in culture students are able to see how their culture may relate to others, which truly helps in explaining multicultural groups. The last idea that I took away from the Cai book was the reader response theory. The reader response theory states that a story may have more than one interpretation because of how the reader takes in the information. I thought that this was very beneficial to know because of the fact people from different cultures may not be as familiar with one specific culture group. At the same time I felt more comfortable doing classroom activities knowing that it was all right for children to take their own ideas away from the book after it was read. Also, I felt more confident in choosing books that I knew were culturally valid even if my students would take away their own meanings from the information provided. After looking at many different researchers I truly believe that I have changed as an educator. I am more confident in finding books that explain different culture groups. At the same time I do look for books that define the culture in many ways. I always thought that reading books to the class with many different â€Å"colored people† in the story gave children the idea of multicultural literature, but I was wrong. I have learned that focusing in on a specific culture group allows children to see the culture inside and out in a very complex fashion. During this course I have found myself spending a great deal of time on the internet looking at different book reviews to determine if the literature I am reading to my students is valid. At the same time I noticed some of the materials I thought were wonderful were not because they were not stating applicable information. I have learned to fill my classroom with multicultural books because it is crucial for children to lea rn about all types of cultures in the world we live in. When I do go buy a book I find myself reciting the information that I learned from the theorists I suggested above to ensure that I am finding culturally correct books. Another issue that I believe was crucial to my learning in this class was how I have changed over the semester. At the beginning of the semester I really thought I was not going to like the amount of work we had to do every week, but now that we are at the end of the semester I truly appreciate reading everything I read. I learned so much about analyzing books, and what to look for in a good multicultural book that I feel like a better educator. After our class met on Mondays I would go back to school and continuously analyze books because of the information I was presented with. This class was required for my masters program in language and literacy, but I do not look at in that way because I feel like I have learned such a great deal not only from readings but from the people in my class. Now that this class is coming to an end I have filled my classroom library with a great deal of multicultural books, feel that I have a concrete idea on what makes a good cultured book, and h ave received many ideas on how to incorporate these types of books in my classroom. A quote that I remember when I think of multicultural literature did not come from anything we read this semester, but the meaning reminds me of how important it is to teach a story fully and completely. The quote was found when I was looking some information up on the Internet for this course. Thomas De Quincey states, â€Å" There is first the literature of knowledge, and secondly, the literature of power. The function of the first isto teach; the function of the second isto move, the first is a rudder, the second an oar or a sail. The first speaks to the mere discursive understanding; the second speaks ultimately, it may happen, to the higher understanding or reason, but always through affections of pleasure and sympathy.† I truly believe that when we help move our children through literature they are better able to understand to concept of multicultural literature. At the same time we will all be better educators because we are using a wealth of knowledge to inform the ones who will be the future of our nation. Research Papers on Final Reflection for Multicultural Literature - EssayStandardized TestingMind TravelEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesQuebec and CanadaHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Strategic Sourcing within DoD at the Operational Level Thesis

Strategic Sourcing within DoD at the Operational Level - Thesis Example But, it so happens that when hard workers develop great amenities, the fellow nations tries to copy those technologies either in a friendly or in a forceful manner. However, the nation which has toiled so hard to develop those technologies knows the effort which it has put in for gaining those utilities and as such would not be ready to forego that advantage for any friendly gesture. The resultant would be a war. As such, the nation with great amenities should always be watchful of this dilemma and be on its toes to avoid such war situations so as to safeguard its best technologies. This is the main reason that all the nations around the world maintain their own defense departments to create a fear of loss to their neighboring countries. This fear could be maintained only when secrecy of the technology developed is maintained. The same is the case with the Department of Defense (DoD) of U.S.A. with its headquarters in Pentagon. The main purpose of DoD is to maintain and supply forces of military in order to avoid situations of war and safeguard the nation. In this journey, it is forced to develop sophisticated technology for which a lot of resources have to be procured including the precious human effort thereby stretching itself to find out ways and means of fulfilling its mission of nation’s security. Along with such development, care should be taken to safeguard that technology so that, in the game between two nations, enemy nations do not become conversant with those inventions. Hence, ultimate secrecy has to be maintained at every point thereby impeding the commercialization of the unique inventions which were developed for defense purposes. It so happens that during such inventions, an off shoot of those inventions stands to be of immense help to the common man that if known its utility, their commercial value could be established with no doubt. For instance: Rayban sunglasses, were originally developed for air force pilots to ban the

Coordination in Supply Chain Management Term Paper

Coordination in Supply Chain Management - Term Paper Example The resource sharing in the operational level can be regarded as the communication process carried out during the collection of operational resources, point-of-sale data etc. The planning level coordination can be the one carried out among the managers while developing plans for production and inventory development. Resource sharing at the strategic level can be during the formulation of the strategic plans, resource investment in the sector of Research and Development and forming strategic alliances.Decision Style:  There can be two major styles for the decision making. The two styles can be centralized and decentralized styles.   For a centralized style of decision making, a single firm has the control over the decisions to be taken during the Supply Chain Coordination Process while in a decentralized style; all the firms have to take their decisions independently and to enforce them.Level of Control:  When it comes to the level of control, there can be a High level of contro l and a Low level of control.  The high level of control is one where there is a strict and accurate level of control and monitoring; the firms outline and develop strict routine and rules to be followed along with control systems which can observe other firms' performance. Risk/Reward Sharing:  The risk/reward sharing determines the distinctiveness of the motivation and incentive plans. There can be two types of the risk/reward sharing methods.

Court Issues Analysis Essay Example for Free

Court Issues Analysis Essay In discussions regarding court system issues, most tend to forget that crimes would not happen if there were proper societal values in place and those values were enforced. Society has shifted from a culture of marriage, family values and strong familiar bonds to a culture that cultivates a staggering divorce rate, single mothers with many children born out of wedlock with little to no income. A culture that is has no patriarchal figure to lead and teach the children right from wrong aids and abets a systematic control of the poor and minorities. Instead of encouraging the pursuit of education, society encourages the pursuit of false hope and dreams through get rich quick methods that essentially remove the rights of those who chose to pursue criminal behavior. Most are imprisoned due to criminal activity and having no fatherhood figure themselves, there is no sense of value to one’s life. This loss of the father figure not living in the home, especially in the African American and Hispanic communities, has a negative outcome not only in the community, but on society as a whole. Without the complete family unit to provide guidance, encourage the children to stay in school and avoid criminal activity, or to become a productive member of society; then our court systems will continue to provide severe punishment for minor crimes and negative social behaviors when the court should offer solutions to preventative crime and supportive services to those families whose members are involved in the vicious cycle of incarceration. Victims’ assistance programs should also support the families of the criminal, as well as the providing treatment programs and assistance to those. The majority of innovation and changes made to the court system over the past 30 years have been tested and administered in urban locales or focused on suburban jurisdictions, where a bulk of the financial resources are given due to the larger population. Rural areas tend to have much larger geographic locales, smaller populations and limited legal, social and health services to assist the general public; this can provide a challenge for rural courts. With the lack of specialized justice practitioners and service providers, rural court jurisdictions tend to work closer with the community when handing out sentencing and punishment. Research conducted by the Justice Management Institute suggests six areas where the criminal justice system needs improvement, after some review I have combined them into the four topics below. Improvement of Court Practices and Procedures for Indigent Litigants The first thing the courts need to work on is improving practices and procedures for self-represented defendants. This includes proper caseload management, administrative management techniques that are informative and efficient so that no cases or indigent defendants become ‘lost’ within the incarceration process and are given the right to due process. In order for the aforementioned to work there would have to be an upgrade to the current indigent defense services that are available to defendants. This includes public defenders that are compensated with good salaries and other support needed to manage caseloads; making them more prepared to battle for their client’s freedom instead of plea-bargaining an agreement. One change that should be made is the building of informative websites that provide information about the court system and the types of cases that are handled by jurisdiction. Providing the public with listings of case statuses and docket information can be helpful for pro bono attorney looking for clients to represent, and having detailed information and the proper forms that would be needed for a person to represent oneself in court; can help disperse the caseload. The development of performance standards and methods for supervising attorneys, assigned counsel, and court officials will ensure that courtroom behavior is ethical and in favor of the defendants. Enhanced Technology and Information Management The enhancement of technology is another area of concern regarding court administration today. Modernization of older court buildings with upgrades to newer security features, such as video cameras and weapon detection systems, can offer a greater sense of security for the public and those involved in the court process. The employment of properly trained security guards, who are rehearsed in threat assessment, will ensure that future security officers are able to handle any crisis that may occur. This includes the effective use of communication equipment, proper weapons training and new technologies that are implemented. The employing of degreed peace officers as administrative staff, who have a working knowledge of security systems and policing; that are familiar with the software used, and any hardware that is required to provide a safe court environment, ensures that security processes and procedures will be followed. Storing of information is important when building databases to control the flow of information within the court system and making sure that information is secure, obtainable and available to all jurisdictions is not only beneficial in the court process but should be a priority to ensure that the system does not become overloaded. This includes the creation and updating of all proper forms, documentation, and the incorporation of any digital media that is needed to complete the judiciary process; plus the technical support and communication infrastructure to manage all the information. Finally, the proper training for court staff on how to access all information, customer service in providing the appropriate assistance and the relaying of proper information to the public and for all justice system practitioners and service providers. Web based education is a consistent way to ensure that all court personnel receive the same standard of training in core subjects. Greater Availability of Community Programs Having readily available resources to provide those who have addiction problems or commit crimes due to addiction, such as inpatient/outpatient programs, drug court and probation programs that teach recovery and coping skills, and providing transportation vouchers to those defendants who do not own or have vehicles. Although some courts have drug courts, the establishment of a mental health court could substantially help with caseload. With qualified treatment providers and caseworkers who are educated in mental illness (with or without drug abuse training) can provide information to the court through home visits, doctor office visits, and the tracking of those individuals who are required to be on medication and in treatment programs while on probation, thus being able to use the information gathered to forecast defendants whose criminal actions are due to some sort of mental illness. Overcoming Language Barriers Providing improved court interpreter services through technology will allow for greater range of court interpreter services. Language barriers are one of the biggest issues with the illegal immigrant population. It is imperative that court system recruit interpreters who are fluent in many languages, so that those who do not have a good command of the law are able to understand what crime has been committed and the punishment for that action, why that particular action is a crime, and to ensure that they understand the court process in relation to their rights. Judges, attorneys and client representative should also be trained in several languages or be given access to a competent interpreter so that nothing can be lost in translation. Through the use of technology, such as Skype, court interpreters can instruct, educate and disseminate information so that those who do not understand will have some comprehension of the resources available to them and the sentencing/punishment that is handed down. References Robinson, M. B. (2009). Justice blind? Ideals and realities of American criminal justice (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Romanticism and Realism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Free Essay Writer

Romanticism and Realism in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Herman Melville in â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses,† (The Literary World August 17, 24, 1850) has a noteworthy comment on Hawthorne’s romantic style:    And now, my countrymen, as an excellent author, of your own flesh and blood,--an unimitating, and perhaps, in his way, an inimitable man--whom better can I commend to you, in the first place, than Nathaniel Hawthorne. He is one of the new, and far better generation of your writer. The smell of your beeches and hemlocks is upon him; your own broad prairies are in his soul; and if you travel away inland into his deep and noble nature, you will hear the far roar of his Niagara.    Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† includes both the â€Å"inimitable,† nature-oriented style of romanticism as well as elements of realism.    M. H. Abrams defines romantic themes in prominent writers of this school in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as being five in number: (1) innovations in the materials, forms and style; (2) that the work involve a â€Å"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings†; (3) that external nature be a persistent subject with a â€Å"sensuous nuance† and accuracy in its description; (4) that the reader be invited to identify the protagonist with the author himself; and (5) that this be an age of â€Å"new beginnings and high possibilities† for the person (177-79).    Let us examine â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† in light of the above. First of all, Hawthorne was a real innovator in his use of the psychological approach to characters within a story. A. N. Kaul considers Hawthorne â€Å"preeminently a ‘psychological’† writer – â€Å"burrowing, to his utmost ability, into the depths of our common nature, for the purposes of psychological romance. . . .† (2). Q. D. Leavis says: â€Å"Hawthorne has imaginatively recreated for the reader that Calvinist sense of sin. . . . But in Hawthorne, by a wonderful feat of transmutation, it has no religious significance, it is as a psychological state that it is explored† (37). The reader experiences most of the story through the eyes and feelings of the protagonist, Goodman. In the following passage the reader is allowed, as is typical, to read his thoughts:    "Poor little Faith!" thought he, for his heart smote him. "What a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand! She talks of dreams, too.

Ethics, Justice, and Fair Treatment in HR Management Essay

1. Table of Contents: Preface i. Ethics and Fair Treatment at Work ii. What Determines Ethical Behavior at Work? iii. How Managers Use Personnel Methods To Promote Ethics and Fair Treatment? iv. Managing Employee Discipline and Privacy v. Managing Dismissals 2. Why I Selected This Book/Article: For the Course HRMN250 Human Resource Management 3. Book Theme (Key Quote): â€Å"Ethics and fair treatment play important roles in managing employees at work. Of course, few societies rely solely on managers’ ethics or sense of fairness to ensure that they do what’s right by their employee.† 4. Abstract: I. Ethics and Fair Treatment at Work. Ethics are normative judgments based on questions of morality. Ethics refers to what you stand for whereas fairness and justice are seen in terms of a decision’s result and the process of arriving at the same. Many countries have laws and legislations governing worker’s rights, not leaving them solely to an employer’s ethics. II. What Determines Ethical Behavior at Work? Several influences may determine whether a person acts ethical or not at work. They include: the boss: the  company; the organizational culture aided by a code of ethics; and the person themselves. III. How Managers Use Personnel Methods To Promote Ethics and Fair Treatment? Personnel methods such as selection, ethics training, performance appraisals, reward and disciplinary systems, managing compliance and personnel related method for ensuring fair treatment are tools which managers use to promote ethics and fair treatment in the organization. IV. Managing Employee Discipline and Privacy. Employee discipline may be punitive or non-punitive but should be fair and progressive, with an appeal forum. Employee screening and background checks are useful appraisal tool but should respect privacy laws or be given employee consented. V. Managing Dismissals. Fairness should be communicated in the involuntary termination of an employee’s employment and should be upheld by contractual agreements that show support for the same between the firm and the employee to avoid wrongful discharge claims. Layoffs, downsizing or closing plants should be down strategically and cautiously within legislative frameworks. 5. Brief Discussion of Book/Article Units/Sections/Chapters: I. Ethics and Fair Treatment at Work A. Principles of conduct governing an individual or group and are based on 1. Normative Judgments a. Something is either good or bad 2. Question of morality a. Society’s highest standard of behavior B. â€Å"Few societies rely solely on managers’ ethics or sense of fairness to ensure that they do what’s right by their employee.† They instead: 1. Formulated legislations to a. Protect employees i. Employees rights b. Enforce laws C. Justice is separated by experts into 1. Distributive Justice that shows a decision’s result exhibits a. Fairness b. Justice 2. Procedural Justice shows a. Fairness of process II. What Determines Ethical Behavior at Work? A. The person 1. The person most responsible for his or her own behavior B. The boss 1. Several elements of leadership determine ethical behavior including exhibiting a. Coercion b. Pressure c. Unfair/bias treatment of employee C. The organization’s culture including 1. The characteristics values, tradition and behavior a company’s employees share 2. The firm’s leaders ability to a. Walk the talk b. Clarify expectations c. Provide needed support for employees to make ethical decisions d. Provide an ethical code which is i. A document memorializing the standard that the employer expects the employees to adhere to III. How Managers Use Personnel Methods To Promote Ethics and Fair Treatment including the following A. Selection processes such as 1. Performing background checks 2. Ask ethical questions in the interview 3. Be fair in recruitment process a. Use good selection tools b. Respect applicants c. Provide useful feedback 4. Have establish formal ethical procedures B. Ethics training which involves 1. Teaching employees how to recognized a. Dilemmas b. Implications of actions c. Resolve dilemmas 2. Managers commitment to ethics 3. Having new-employees’ orientation 4. Equipping employees’ with a. Handbooks and copy of code of ethics b. Refresher courses C. Performance Appraisals – these attest to how fair or ethical an organization is and should be to employees 1. Clear 2. Understandable 3. Objective 4. Rewarding of ethical behavior D. Reward and Discipline 1. Swift to punish unethical behaviors 2. Rewarding of ethical ones E. Managing Ethical Compliance – To ensure compliance to legal and organizational ethical standards companies can set up 1. Frameworks 2. Procedures 3. Departments F. Supervisors and Fairness 1. Involve employees in a. Decisions that affect them 2. Make all aware of standards of evaluation 3. Communication should be a. Two-ways b. Practical IV. Managing Employee Discipline and Privacy A. Enforcing discipline encourages sensible behavior 1. Fair justice and disciplining involves 3 pillars a. Rules and Regulations b. Employees’ handbook 2. System of progressive penalties a. Gives a sense of fairness and opportunity for remedial b. Depends on severity of infringement 3. Process of Appeal a. Gives a sense of fairness and opportunity for remedial B. Discipline can be punitive or nonpunitive 1. Nonpunitive includes a. Issuing oral reminder b. If incidents arise again within six weeks i. Formal written reminder placed on file c. Further incident i. Give one-day paid leave for employee to sort out self d. Further incident i. Dismissal C. Employee Privacy – 1. Several employer actions that triggers most violation include a. Background checks b. Monitoring off-duty conduct c. Drug testing d. Workplace searches 2. By-laws that protect the same a. No bathroom or locker-room surveillance b. Cannot publish private matter such as i. Medical records c. May not appropriate employees’ name or likeness for commercial use without consent 3. Employee monitoring- a. This includes i. Reading their emails incoming and outgoing ii. Blocking sites iii. Monitoring in/out times as per workplace 4. Restrictions and guidelines a. Electronic Communication Act which i. Makes eavesdropping of employee legal up to a point ii. States monitored calls if found to be personal should not be further monitored iii. Business purpose exception iv. Consent exception V. Managing Dismissals A. Dismissal 1. Involuntary termination of employment 2. Most drastic organizational disciplinary action 3. Requires special care 4. Should be based on proper grounds 5. Should be done after effort to i. Rehabilitate person ii. Salvage person B. Aspects include 1. Termination at will where a. No contractual obligation between both parties i. Either employee can be terminated at any point/any reason ii. Employee can resign at any time/reason 2. Wrongful Discharge- Include a. Dismissals that i. Violate law ii. Fails to comply with contractual agreement aa. Stated ab. Implied b. Statutory Exceptions which are i. Governing laws that prohibits some kind of dismissals such as aa. Reporting safety violation c. Common law exceptions d. Public Policy Exception – where employee refuses i. To break an explicit public law ii. Well establish public policy C. Grounds for dismissal include 1. Unsatisfactory performance, for example a. Tardiness b. Can’t perform duties applicable to employment c. Absenteeism issues 2. Misconduct 3. Lack of qualifications 4. Changed requirement for the job i. Nature of job ii. Job no longer required or available 5. Insubordination D. Fairness in dismissals entails a. Giving full explanation as to why b. Progressive approach c. Process of dismissal i. Who does it ii. How it is done iii. Where it is done iv. Follow up services for the dismissed E. Security measures as per dismissals a. Disabling the dismissed i. Access to compound ii. Computers and other equipment iii. Access to phones and other assets F. Avoiding wrongful dismissal lawsuits 1. Create perception of fairness in a. Employment policies b. Grievance procedures 2. Make employees feel they are treated fairly 3. All employment-related policies, procedures and documents should be a. Reviewed b. Referenced 4. Have employee sign a. A â€Å"no fixed term of employment contract† b. Or a termination at any time clause 5. Communicate job expectations clearly 6. Make personnel supervisors liable; they should a. Be familiar with applicable laws b. Not at in anger c. Utilize the HR department for advice D. The Termination Interview – where the employee is informed of their dismissal 1. Plan carefully a. Make sure schedule is kept by i. Person doing the dismissal ii. Employee b. Use neutral location i. Not your office c. Have security or medical numbers at hand d. Keep interview to maximum 10 minutes e. Have all needed documents 2. Get to the point 3. Describe the situation, don’t emphasize person’s fault 4. Listen 5. Speak calmly 6. Review all elements of severance package 7. Identify the next step for the dismissed such as a. Outplacement counseling b. Exit interview as to i. Get insight as to what the company is doing right or wrong E. Layoffs, Downsizing and the Plant Closing Law 1. These are non-disciplinary separation such as a. Retirement b. Resigning c. Layoffs/bump-off – i. Selecting employees to take time-off with the expectation to return to work in the future d. Downsizing – usually reducing dramatically the number of people employed by a firm 2. The plant Closing Law (Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act 1989) a. Firms of 100 or more workers must give at least 60 days’ notice before i. Closing down facility ii. Starting a layoff of 50 or more workers b. Doesn’t prevent organizations from shutting down c. Does not obligate firms to save job d. Does require adequate notice by employers to allow time for employees i. To job search ii. To retrain iii. To adjust to circumstances e. Penalty for infringement of this act include i. 1 day pay for everyday of the violation aa. That is, days when the notice should have been given F. Layoff Process 1. Plan for layoffs a. Have up-to-date appraisals in advance aa. This attests to rationale behind layoff procedure 2. Layoff implies softness a. Termination implies (cut off) 3. Layoff is characterized usually a. Work is not available b. Expected to be short term c. Expected recalling of employees at later date 4. Sensible Layoff Steps involves a. Identifying objectives and constraints b. Forming a downsizing team c. Addressing legal issues i. Reviewing factors of those being laid off including aa. Gender ab. Race ac. Religion d. Address security issues, including i. Personal ii. Infrastructural iii. Data e. Remain informative and truthful f. Plan post-implementation action i. Especially for remaining workers aa. Boost morale etc. 5. Dismissal Effect – plan to manage effect on a. Victims b. Survivors c. Managers i. Health 6. Layoff/Bump-off Procedures – detailed procedure determining who will be laid off it no work is available a. Survivors often chosen by i. Seniority aa. Based on date joining the firm not a particular position ii. Merit 7. Alternatives to layoffs a. Voluntary reduction in pay to keep everyone working b. Concentrating employees vacation during slow times i. Avoids having to hire seasonal workers c. Voluntary time off d. Offering early retirement packages e. Hiring temporary workers with the understanding that â€Å"they would be first to go† G. Adjusting to Downsizing and Layoffs 1. Downsizing a. Usually to boost financial position of the organization b. Boosting the morale of survivors and management is essential 2. Mergers and Acquisition a. Employees may now be hypersensitive as to unfair treatment management must i. Avoid appearing dominant ii. Avoid â€Å"win-lose† behavior iii. Remain business-like and professional always iv. Remain positive about acquired firms v. Remember that how the organization treats acquired employees affects aa. Organizational morale ab. Productivity ac. Commitment VI. Practitioner/Researcher Value of Book: A. The practitioner value of the book – The chapter â€Å"Ethics, Justice and Fair Treatment in HR Management† is of great practitioner value for several reasons. These reasons include firstly, the chapter’s readableness (the state or quality of being readable). The chapter has a uniform layoff where its main points or learning outcomes are indicated in an emboldened blue font of serif. Subtopics within these learning outcomes are given emboldened  red fonts of sans serif and further subtopics are indicated using emboldened green fonts of sans serif. Thus the chapter is uniformly organized and makes for easy reading and finding of key concepts and other information. Definitions are clearly highlighted at the foot of each page that has a gray background. The chapters’ practitioner’s value is shown also by the several tables and charts that conveniently summarize large amounts of information making for quick referencing by any practitioner. An example of this includes figure 14-12 on page 553, which shows the â€Å"Median Week of Severance Pay by Job Level†. This summative and quick reference format of key textbook and practical procedures for the issuance of severance is essentially useful to practitioners looking for reliable and timely solutions to everyday challenges. The chapter’s practitioner value is further attested to by several case studies and practical examples that show the key concepts presented being use in the real world and having practical application and relevance. Several case studies including that involving the infamous Enron (page 562) presents to the practitioner the relevance and implication of ethics by an organization. Comprehensive case studies are also presented at the end of the book in Appendix B such as that which deals with the ethical underpinnings of conduct of BP Texas management in relations to the March 2005 explosion. Practicality of the book/chapter is attested to by examples like that on page 547-48 which presents an example of employee monitoring software, thus presenting to practitioner a practical example of the concept of employee monitoring and furthermore giving a suggested tool to implement the same. Finally the chapter’s practitioner value is depicted by several step-by-step procedures that give the practitioner easy and ready to use procedures that they can easily implement for results and solutions. Page 546 gives an example of this for disciplining employees without punishment offering a readily available reference tool and guide for the practitioner to administer the same. B. The researcher value of the book The chapter (book) contains prodigious referencing. From its charts to tables to defining of key terms are given full reference linking information to their authors, websites and primary sources. Each chapter has its own endnote reference listing which gives all sources referenced as per the chapter. The sources are mainly in the form of scholarly journals and  articles attesting to the credibility of the information presented in the chapter. This chapter in question has about a WHOPPING 117 sources as per the information presented therein. Sources are easily verifiable. The books content are easily accessible as it contains an extension name and organization index with some 1200 entries. Its subject index is quite impressive as well in terms of its precision of search terms, concepts and points. The book/chapter presents an impressive Evidence Based HR section that presents evidence of how managers manage based on facts and evidence lending credence to the usefulness, credibility, applicability of the information presented. The book also presents authoritative findings and guidelines from professional bodies including The Society of Human Resource Management or SHRM as well as brief In-Text Study Guide from the SHRM organization. I therefore fully believe that the book is fully valuable to the researcher. VII. Final Impact Statement: In terms of ethics, justice and fair treatment in human resource management, we glean the importance of firstly the individual having a firm ethical framework, the organization also fostering the same and the society which embellishes the same. Governments are the regulating and enforcing entities of the same. We note in closing the authors remarks: â€Å"Of course, few societies rely solely on managers’ ethics or sense of fairness to ensure that they do what’s right by [to] their employees.† (Dessler, 2011, p. 533.). Instead we see legislations are used which at the minimum, organizations tend to subscribe to, and which satisfies both parties.